{"id":3426,"date":"2022-12-12T06:52:03","date_gmt":"2022-12-12T11:52:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/worldvapersalliance.com\/?p=3426"},"modified":"2022-12-12T06:54:43","modified_gmt":"2022-12-12T11:54:43","slug":"the-history-of-the-war-on-drugs-should-be-a-warning-for-anti-vaping-crusaders","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worldvapersalliance.com\/ro\/the-history-of-the-war-on-drugs-should-be-a-warning-for-anti-vaping-crusaders\/","title":{"rendered":"Istoria r\u0103zboiului \u00eempotriva drogurilor ar trebui s\u0103 fie un avertisment pentru cruciada anti-vaping..."},"content":{"rendered":"

Acum optzeci \u0219i nou\u0103 de ani, prohibi\u021bia alcoolului a luat sf\u00e2r\u0219it. Nu numai c\u0103 a distrus milioane de familii \u0219i vie\u021bi, dar a creat \u0219i unele dintre cele mai mari \u0219i mai \u00eenfrico\u0219\u0103toare carteluri mafiote v\u0103zute vreodat\u0103. Dar ceea ce este mai pu\u021bin cunoscut este c\u0103 a declan\u0219at \u0219i r\u0103zboiul \u00eempotriva drogurilor, pe care \u00eel vedem \u0219i ast\u0103zi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Johann Hari a descris \u00eenceputul r\u0103zboiului \u00eempotriva drogurilor \u00een cartea sa \u201c<\/span>Urm\u0103rind \u021bip\u0103tul<\/span><\/a>\u201dfoarte frumos, iar una dintre figurile cheie este Harry Anslinger, care a devenit comisar al Biroului Federal pentru Narcotice al Departamentului Trezoreriei SUA \u00een 1930. \u00centr-un raport recent <\/span>podcast<\/span><\/a>, Hari \u00eel descrie pe Anslinger drept \u201ccel mai malefic om pe care nimeni nu-l cunoa\u0219te\u201d. A preluat conducerea Biroului \u00een pragul sf\u00e2r\u0219itului prohibi\u021biei alcoolului. \u0218i-a dat seama rapid c\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 alcool ca inamic num\u0103rul unu, avea nevoie de o nou\u0103 \u021bint\u0103 pentru a-\u0219i justifica existen\u021ba slujbei \u0219i pentru a men\u021bine finan\u021barea agen\u021biei sale. Potrivit lui Hari, a \u00eenceput s\u0103 insiste asupra unui r\u0103zboi \u00eempotriva heroinei \u0219i cocainei, dar \u0219i-a dat seama c\u0103 prea pu\u021bini oameni consumau aceste produse pentru a justifica sumele masive de bani care intrau \u00een agen\u021bia sa. A\u0219adar, planul s\u0103u \u201cmalefic\u201d era s\u0103 \u00eenceap\u0103 un r\u0103zboi \u00eempotriva canabisului. Acest lucru se conforma \u2018perfect\u2019 viziunii sale segrega\u021bioniste rasiale asupra lumii \u0219i putea viza persoanele de culoare \u0219i muzica jazz. \u00cen plus, detesta persoanele dependen\u021bi (din punctul s\u0103u de vedere) de orice substan\u021be. Ceea ce lipsea era o poveste \u00eenfrico\u0219\u0103toare pentru a \u00eencepe r\u0103zboiul \u00eempotriva canabisului.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u0219adar, c\u00e2nd a auzit despre o crim\u0103 brutal\u0103 cu toporul, a \u0219tiut c\u0103 acesta era momentul pe care \u00eel a\u0219tepta. Victor Licata \u00ee\u0219i ucisese familia cu un topor. Chiar dac\u0103 medicii au stabilit c\u0103 suferea de schizofrenie, <\/span>Consumul de canabis a fost acuzat<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>\u00cen cele din urm\u0103, Anslinger a avut povestea perfect\u0103, sus\u021bin\u00e2nd \u00een timpul unei audieri \u00een Congres: \u201cUnii oameni vor intra \u00eentr-o furie delirant\u0103, vor fi temporar iresponsabili \u0219i pot comite crime violente\u201d. Acesta a fost \u00eenceputul unei campanii masive \u00eempotriva canabisului (inclusiv utilizarea termenului marihuana pentru a-l face s\u0103 sune mai mexican, potrivit Laurei Smith) \u0219i a dus la interzicerea canabisului, care este responsabil pentru sute de mii de decese \u0219i a distrus milioane de vie\u021bi.<\/span><\/p>\n

De ce este acest lucru relevant pentru lumea vaping-ului? R\u0103spunsul este simplu: politica func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een continuare \u00een moduri foarte similare. Iat\u0103 patru motive pentru care:\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Prohibi\u021bia ucide<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Dac\u0103 factorii de decizie politic\u0103 ar fi trebuit s\u0103 \u00eenve\u021be un lucru din istorie, acesta este c\u0103 prohibi\u021bia nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103. Interzicerea alcoolului \u00een SUA a fost un dezastru complet, duc\u00e2nd la cre\u0219terea consumului de alcool \u0219i la un consum nesigur \u0219i gener\u00e2nd carteluri criminale masive \u0219i mortale. R\u0103zboiul \u00eempotriva drogurilor la nivel mondial este un e\u0219ec complet \u0219i a dus adesea la politici contraproductive. Prohibi\u021bia a ruinat milioane de vie\u021bi \u00een SUA, iar r\u0103zboiul \u00eempotriva drogurilor aproape a pr\u0103bu\u0219it \u021b\u0103ri \u00eentregi. Prin interzicerea produselor, cererea nu dispare, dar furnizorul se transform\u0103 din afaceri oficiale \u00een actori ai pie\u021bei negre. Acest lucru ar putea p\u0103rea prea simplist, dar este... <\/span>fapt istoric<\/span><\/a>. Prin urmare, este corect s\u0103 presupunem c\u0103 r\u0103zboiul \u00eempotriva vapingului va avea acelea\u0219i rezultate. Interzicerea sau chiar restric\u021bionarea vapingului \u0219i a nicotinei pentru adul\u021bi va stimula activit\u0103\u021bile pie\u021bei negre \u0219i va cre\u0219te consumul de produse deja interzise.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Birocra\u021biile nu \u00ee\u0219i ating niciodat\u0103 obiectivele<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Articolul de la Biroul Narcoticelor descrie perfect conceptul de \u201c<\/span>misiune nea\u0219teptat\u0103<\/span><\/a>\u201cAgen\u021biile guvernamentale, dar \u0219i multe ONG-uri, nu c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103 niciodat\u0103 \u2013 indiferent de scopul lor. Dup\u0103 ce s-a \u00eencheiat prohibi\u021bia alcoolului, nu au mai spus: \u201cei bine, nu mai suntem necesari, a\u0219a c\u0103 hai s\u0103 renun\u021b\u0103m la slujba \u0219i pensia confortabile\u201d \u2013 au \u00eenceput s\u0103 caute noi \u021binte. \u00cen acest caz, era vorba de canabis. C\u00e2nd vine vorba de complexul anti-fumat, este vorba de vaping \u0219i nicotin\u0103. \u00cen loc s\u0103 celebreze sc\u0103derea num\u0103rului de fum\u0103tori \u0219i mult mai pu\u021bine decese, multe guverne, agen\u021bii de s\u0103n\u0103tate public\u0103 \u0219i activi\u0219ti anti-fumat au fost \u00een c\u0103utarea unor noi du\u0219mani. Au decis s\u0103 dea drept \u021bapi isp\u0103\u0219itori vapingul \u0219i nicotina \u00een general \u0219i, ca urmare, lupta \u00eempotriva fumatului s-a transformat treptat \u00eentr-o lupt\u0103 \u00eempotriva nicotinei.\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Un r\u0103zboi \u00eempotriva drogurilor \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u0219i un r\u0103zboi \u00eempotriva \u0219tiin\u021bei<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Pentru a men\u021bine un r\u0103zboi \u00eempotriva unei anumite substan\u021be, agen\u021biile guvernamentale \u0219i ONG-urile au nevoie de public de partea lor \u0219i, a\u0219a cum a ar\u0103tat istoria, pentru unii, acest lucru este mai important dec\u00e2t faptele \u0219tiin\u021bifice. Exemplele clasice sunt primele zile ale filmelor \u0219i posterelor anti-canabis care sus\u021bineau c\u0103 marijuana ne \u00eennebune\u0219te. Iat\u0103 o... exemplu<\/a>:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u201cSf\u00e2r\u0219itul suprem al dependentului de marijuana: nebunie f\u0103r\u0103 speran\u021b\u0103.\u201d O astfel de afirma\u021bie nu are nicio leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu realitatea \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103, dar publicul a fost bombardat cu pove\u0219ti de groaz\u0103 pentru a-\u0219i men\u021bine opozi\u021bia fa\u021b\u0103 de canabis.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Este o afirma\u021bie corect\u0103 c\u0103 putem observa asem\u0103n\u0103ri cu mul\u021bimea anti-vaping. La mai bine de trei ani de la \u201cfocarea\u201d EVALI (presupusele daune aduse s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii atribuite vapingului), \u00eenc\u0103 putem citi articole din ziare sau auzi politicieni sus\u021bin\u00e2nd c\u0103 vapingul ucide oameni - chiar dac\u0103 aceast\u0103 afirma\u021bie a fost...\u00a0<\/span>demontat<\/span><\/a> de mai multe ori.<\/span><\/p>\n

        O alt\u0103 consecin\u021b\u0103 a acestei prejudec\u0103\u021bi este c\u0103 \u0219tiin\u021ba devine unilateral\u0103, iar poten\u021bialele beneficii sunt neglijate. <\/span>recenzie<\/span><\/a> Din 755 de studii de caz despre efectele generale ale vapatului, s-a concluzionat c\u0103 doar 37 \u201csunt eligibile pentru criterii precise de calitate \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103\u201d. Ceea ce agraveaz\u0103 \u0219i mai mult aceast\u0103 prejudecat\u0103 este faptul c\u0103 aceste studii sunt adesea folosite pentru a fundamenta politica privind vapatul.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        R\u0103zboiul \u00eempotriva \u021big\u0103rilor electronice \u0219i a nicotinei descurajeaz\u0103, de asemenea, oamenii s\u0103 renun\u021be la \u021big\u0103ri. Acest lucru va afecta s\u0103n\u0103tatea public\u0103. Nu numai at\u00e2t, dar, \u00een mod inutil, mul\u021bi oameni vor continua s\u0103 fumeze. Limitele \u00eenguste impuse cercet\u0103rii \u0219tiin\u021bifice privind nicotina ne vor priva de poten\u021biale inova\u021bii \u0219i poate chiar de tratamente pentru multe boli. Recent, am v\u0103zut consecin\u021bele dezinform\u0103rii \u0219i propagandei anti-\u0219tiin\u021bifice la apogeu, unde <\/span>Gardianul<\/span><\/a> a relatat c\u0103 un medic australian i-a dat fiului s\u0103u \u021big\u0103ri pentru a se l\u0103sa de vapat.<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Ideologia corupe institu\u021biile publice<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Milton Friedman a spus odat\u0103 c\u0103 \u201cnimic nu este at\u00e2t de permanent precum un program guvernamental temporar\u201d \u0219i cred c\u0103 este corect s\u0103 spunem c\u0103 a avut dreptate \u00een aceast\u0103 evaluare. Chiar \u0219i atunci c\u00e2nd faptele se schimb\u0103, politicienii \u0219i institu\u021biile oficiale \u00ee\u0219i schimb\u0103 rareori opinia sau abord\u0103rile. R\u0103zboiul \u00eempotriva drogurilor este un exemplu excelent \u00een acest sens. Nici m\u0103car nu putem \u021bine drogurile departe de \u00eenchisori, dar totu\u0219i, mul\u021bi politicieni cred c\u0103 este posibil s\u0103 le \u021binem departe de o \u021bar\u0103 \u00eentreag\u0103 sau chiar de un continent, ceea ce este imposibil. Dar poate fi \u0219i mai r\u0103u: nu numai c\u0103 unii nu \u00ee\u0219i schimb\u0103 atitudinea atunci c\u00e2nd apar noi dovezi \u0219tiin\u021bifice sau din lumea real\u0103, dar uneori chiar \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 suprime noi dovezi. Unul dintre cele mai grave exemple este unul dintre cele mai ample studii realizate vreodat\u0103 asupra consumului global de cocain\u0103 de c\u0103tre OMS \u00een 1995. Studiul nu a fost de acord cu fiecare aspect al r\u0103zboiului SUA \u00eempotriva drogurilor. Acesta spunea: \u201cO cre\u0219tere a adopt\u0103rii unor r\u0103spunsuri precum programele de educa\u021bie, tratament \u0219i reabilitare este un contrabalans dezirabil fa\u021b\u0103 de dependen\u021ba excesiv\u0103 de aplicarea legii.\u201d Ce s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat cu studiul? Conform... <\/span>Ben Goldacre<\/span><\/a>, a fost retras deoarece SUA au amenin\u021bat OMS c\u0103 \u00eei va retrage finan\u021barea dac\u0103 ar publica studiul (care ulterior a fost scurs de informa\u021bii).<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te vapatul, observ\u0103m o tendin\u021b\u0103 similar\u0103 \u00een cazul OMS. Abordarea sa este plin\u0103 de alarmism p\u0103rtinitor \u0219i afirma\u021bii false \u00eempotriva vapatului ori de c\u00e2te ori atinge problema. \u00cen loc s\u0103 se concentreze pe obiectivul primordial de a reduce fumatul, OMS \u00ee\u0219i \u00eendreapt\u0103 armele \u00eempotriva vapatului, cel mai puternic instrument de renun\u021bare la fumat de pe planet\u0103. Consider\u0103 c\u0103 este mai important s\u0103 urmeze abordarea \u00eengust\u0103 de tipul \u2018renun\u021b\u0103 sau mori\u2019 tr\u00e2mbi\u021bat\u0103 de sponsorii miliardari ai OMS, precum Mike Bloomberg. OMS ignor\u0103 sistematic bog\u0103\u021bia de dovezi \u0219tiin\u021bifice care indic\u0103 beneficiile vapatului, ca s\u0103 nu mai vorbim de experien\u021ba direct\u0103 a milioane de vaperi.<\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Eighty-nine years ago, alcohol prohibition ended. Not only did prohibition destroy millions of families and lives, but it also created some of the largest and most fearsome mafia cartels ever seen. But what is less known is that it also kick-started the war on drugs, which we still see today.\u00a0 Johann Hari described the beginning […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":3427,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3426","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"\nHistory of the war on drugs should be a warning for anti-vaping crusaders<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Not only did alcohol prohibition destroy millions of lives, but it also created some of the largest mafia cartels ever seen.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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