{"id":3426,"date":"2022-12-12T06:52:03","date_gmt":"2022-12-12T11:52:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/worldvapersalliance.com\/?p=3426"},"modified":"2022-12-12T06:54:43","modified_gmt":"2022-12-12T11:54:43","slug":"the-history-of-the-war-on-drugs-should-be-a-warning-for-anti-vaping-crusaders","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worldvapersalliance.com\/pt\/the-history-of-the-war-on-drugs-should-be-a-warning-for-anti-vaping-crusaders\/","title":{"rendered":"A hist\u00f3ria da guerra \u00e0s drogas deveria servir de alerta para a cruzada anti-vaping\u2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u00e1 oitenta e nove anos, chegou ao fim a Lei Seca. Ela n\u00e3o s\u00f3 destruiu milh\u00f5es de fam\u00edlias e vidas, como tamb\u00e9m criou alguns dos maiores e mais temidos cart\u00e9is mafiosos da hist\u00f3ria. Mas o que poucos sabem \u00e9 que ela tamb\u00e9m deu in\u00edcio \u00e0 guerra contra as drogas, que ainda vemos hoje.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Johann Hari descreveu o in\u00edcio da guerra contra as drogas em seu livro \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/chasingthescream.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Perseguindo o Grito<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d&quot;Muito bem, e uma das figuras-chave \u00e9 Harry Anslinger, que se tornou comiss\u00e1rio do Departamento Federal de Narc\u00f3ticos do Tesouro dos EUA em 1930. Em uma recente <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/castamatic.com\/+yGAZyYLp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">podcast<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Hari descreve Anslinger como &quot;o homem mais perverso que ningu\u00e9m conhece&quot;. Ele assumiu o FBI \u00e0s v\u00e9speras do fim da Lei Seca. Rapidamente percebeu que, sem o \u00e1lcool como inimigo n\u00famero um, precisava de um novo alvo para justificar a exist\u00eancia de seu cargo e manter o financiamento da ag\u00eancia. Segundo Hari, ele come\u00e7ou a pressionar por uma guerra contra a hero\u00edna e a coca\u00edna, mas percebeu que poucas pessoas consumiam essas subst\u00e2ncias para justificar a enorme quantidade de dinheiro que entrava na ag\u00eancia. Assim, seu plano &quot;maligno&quot; foi iniciar uma guerra contra a cannabis. Isso se encaixava &quot;perfeitamente&quot; em sua vis\u00e3o de mundo segregacionista racial, e ele poderia atacar pessoas negras e a m\u00fasica jazz. Al\u00e9m disso, ele detestava pessoas viciadas (do seu ponto de vista) em qualquer subst\u00e2ncia. O que faltava era uma hist\u00f3ria assustadora para iniciar a guerra contra a cannabis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ent\u00e3o, quando soube de um brutal assassinato com machado, ele soube que aquele era o momento que esperava. Victor Licata havia assassinado sua fam\u00edlia com um machado. Mesmo que os m\u00e9dicos tivessem diagnosticado esquizofrenia, seu <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/fee.org\/articles\/how-an-axe-murderer-helped-make-weed-illegal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O consumo de cannabis foi apontado como culpado.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finalmente, Anslinger tinha a sua hist\u00f3ria perfeita, afirmando durante uma audi\u00eancia no Congresso: &quot;Algumas pessoas entram em um estado de f\u00faria delirante, tornam-se temporariamente irrespons\u00e1veis e podem cometer crimes violentos&quot;. Este foi o in\u00edcio de uma campanha massiva contra a cannabis (incluindo o uso do termo &quot;marihuana&quot; para soar mais mexicano, segundo Laura Smith) e levou \u00e0 proibi\u00e7\u00e3o da cannabis, respons\u00e1vel por centenas de milhares de mortes e pela destrui\u00e7\u00e3o de milh\u00f5es de vidas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Por que isso \u00e9 relevante para o mundo do vaping? A resposta \u00e9 simples: a pol\u00edtica ainda funciona de maneira muito semelhante. Aqui est\u00e3o quatro raz\u00f5es para isso:\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A proibi\u00e7\u00e3o mata<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Se os formuladores de pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas deveriam ter aprendido algo com a hist\u00f3ria, \u00e9 que a proibi\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o funciona. A proibi\u00e7\u00e3o do \u00e1lcool nos EUA foi um completo desastre, levando a um aumento no consumo de \u00e1lcool, ao consumo inseguro e \u00e0 forma\u00e7\u00e3o de enormes e mortais cart\u00e9is criminosos. A guerra contra as drogas em todo o mundo \u00e9 um fracasso total e frequentemente resulta em pol\u00edticas contraproducentes. A proibi\u00e7\u00e3o arruinou milh\u00f5es de vidas nos EUA e a guerra contra as drogas quase levou pa\u00edses inteiros ao colapso. Ao proibir produtos, a demanda n\u00e3o desaparece, mas o fornecedor muda de empresas oficiais para agentes do mercado negro. Isso pode parecer simplista demais, mas \u00e9 a pura verdade. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iea.org.uk\/blog\/prohibitions-create-black-markets-and-cause-violent-crime\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">fato hist\u00f3rico<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Portanto, \u00e9 razo\u00e1vel supor que a guerra contra o vaping ter\u00e1 os mesmos resultados. Proibir, ou mesmo restringir, o vaping e a nicotina para adultos impulsionar\u00e1 as atividades do mercado negro e aumentar\u00e1 o consumo de produtos j\u00e1 proibidos.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As burocracias nunca atingem seus objetivos.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A reportagem do Departamento de Narc\u00f3ticos descreve perfeitamente o conceito de \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.cambridge.org\/dictionary\/english\/mission-creep\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">expans\u00e3o da miss\u00e3o<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201c\u00d3rg\u00e3os governamentais, assim como muitas ONGs, nunca vencem \u2013 n\u00e3o importa qual seja seu objetivo. Ap\u00f3s o fim da proibi\u00e7\u00e3o do \u00e1lcool, eles n\u00e3o disseram: \u201cBem, n\u00e3o somos mais necess\u00e1rios, ent\u00e3o vamos abandonar o emprego confort\u00e1vel e a aposentadoria\u201d \u2013 come\u00e7aram a procurar novos alvos. Nesse caso, foi a cannabis. Quando se trata do complexo antitabagista, s\u00e3o os cigarros eletr\u00f4nicos e a nicotina. Em vez de comemorar a queda no n\u00famero de fumantes e a redu\u00e7\u00e3o significativa no n\u00famero de mortes, muitos governos, \u00f3rg\u00e3os de sa\u00fade p\u00fablica e ativistas antitabagistas passaram a ca\u00e7ar novos inimigos. Decidiram usar os cigarros eletr\u00f4nicos e a nicotina em geral como bodes expiat\u00f3rios e, como resultado, a luta contra o tabagismo se transformou gradualmente em uma batalha contra a nicotina.\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Uma guerra contra as drogas tamb\u00e9m significa uma guerra contra a ci\u00eancia.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Para manter uma guerra contra uma subst\u00e2ncia espec\u00edfica, ag\u00eancias governamentais e ONGs precisam do apoio do p\u00fablico e, como a hist\u00f3ria demonstra, para alguns, isso \u00e9 mais importante do que fatos cient\u00edficos. Os exemplos cl\u00e1ssicos s\u00e3o os prim\u00f3rdios dos filmes e cartazes anti-cannabis que afirmavam que a maconha nos deixava loucos. Aqui est\u00e1 um exemplo. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=sbjHOBJzhb0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">exemplo<\/a>:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cO fim derradeiro do viciado em maconha: insanidade sem esperan\u00e7a.\u201d Uma afirma\u00e7\u00e3o como essa n\u00e3o tem nada a ver com a realidade cient\u00edfica, mas o p\u00fablico foi bombardeado com hist\u00f3rias de terror para manter sua oposi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 cannabis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c9 justo afirmar que podemos observar semelhan\u00e7as com o grupo anti-vaping. Mais de tr\u00eas anos ap\u00f3s o surto de EVALI (supostos danos \u00e0 sa\u00fade atribu\u00eddos ao vaping), ainda lemos artigos de jornal ou ouvimos pol\u00edticos afirmando que o vaping mata pessoas \u2013 embora essa afirma\u00e7\u00e3o tenha sido\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.qeios.com\/read\/ZGVHM7.3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">desmascarado<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> v\u00e1rias vezes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Outra consequ\u00eancia desse vi\u00e9s \u00e9 que a ci\u00eancia se torna unilateral e os benef\u00edcios potenciais s\u00e3o negligenciados. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.coehar.org\/harm-reduction-and-bias-a-review-confirms-that-ecigs-are-less-harmful-but-high-quality-studies-are-much-needed\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">an\u00e1lise<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Uma an\u00e1lise de 755 estudos de caso sobre os efeitos gerais do vaping concluiu que apenas 37 \u201cs\u00e3o eleg\u00edveis para crit\u00e9rios precisos de qualidade cient\u00edfica\u201d. O que torna esse vi\u00e9s ainda pior \u00e9 que esses estudos s\u00e3o frequentemente usados como base para pol\u00edticas relacionadas ao vaping.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A guerra contra o vaping e a nicotina tamb\u00e9m desencoraja as pessoas a abandonarem os cigarros. Isso prejudicar\u00e1 a sa\u00fade p\u00fablica. Al\u00e9m disso, muitas pessoas continuar\u00e3o fumando desnecessariamente. As restri\u00e7\u00f5es \u00e0 pesquisa cient\u00edfica sobre a nicotina nos privar\u00e3o de potenciais inova\u00e7\u00f5es e talvez at\u00e9 de tratamentos para muitas doen\u00e7as. Recentemente, vimos as consequ\u00eancias da desinforma\u00e7\u00e3o e da propaganda anticient\u00edfica em seu auge, onde <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2022\/dec\/02\/ive-lost-my-children-to-vaping-the-tragic-stories-behind-the-soaring-rates-of-youth-addiction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O Guardi\u00e3o<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Foi relatado que um m\u00e9dico australiano deu cigarros ao filho para que ele parasse de usar cigarros eletr\u00f4nicos.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A ideologia corrompe as institui\u00e7\u00f5es p\u00fablicas.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Milton Friedman disse certa vez que \u201cnada \u00e9 t\u00e3o permanente quanto um programa governamental tempor\u00e1rio\u201d, e creio que podemos concordar com essa avalia\u00e7\u00e3o. Mesmo quando os fatos mudam, pol\u00edticos e institui\u00e7\u00f5es oficiais raramente alteram suas opini\u00f5es ou abordagens. A guerra contra as drogas \u00e9 um excelente exemplo disso. N\u00e3o conseguimos nem mesmo manter as drogas fora das pris\u00f5es, mas ainda assim, muitos pol\u00edticos acreditam ser poss\u00edvel mant\u00ea-las fora de um pa\u00eds inteiro ou mesmo de um continente, o que \u00e9 imposs\u00edvel. Mas a situa\u00e7\u00e3o pode piorar: alguns n\u00e3o apenas n\u00e3o mudam de atitude quando surgem novas evid\u00eancias cient\u00edficas ou da vida real, como \u00e0s vezes at\u00e9 tentam suprimir novas evid\u00eancias. Um dos piores exemplos \u00e9 um dos estudos mais abrangentes j\u00e1 realizados sobre o uso global de coca\u00edna pela OMS em 1995. O estudo discordou de todos os aspectos da guerra contra as drogas dos EUA. Afirmou: \u201cUm aumento na ado\u00e7\u00e3o de respostas como educa\u00e7\u00e3o, tratamento e programas de reabilita\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 um contrapeso desej\u00e1vel \u00e0 depend\u00eancia excessiva da aplica\u00e7\u00e3o da lei\u201d. O que aconteceu com o estudo? De acordo com <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2009\/jun\/13\/bad-science-cocaine-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ben Goldacre<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, O estudo foi retratado porque os EUA amea\u00e7aram a OMS de cortar o financiamento caso ela o publicasse (e o estudo posteriormente vazou).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quando se trata de cigarros eletr\u00f4nicos, vemos uma tend\u00eancia semelhante na OMS. Sua abordagem \u00e9 repleta de alarmismo tendencioso contra o cigarro eletr\u00f4nico e afirma\u00e7\u00f5es falsas sempre que o assunto \u00e9 abordado. Em vez de se concentrar no objetivo crucial de reduzir o tabagismo, a OMS est\u00e1 voltando suas armas contra o cigarro eletr\u00f4nico, a ferramenta mais potente para parar de fumar no planeta. A organiza\u00e7\u00e3o considera mais importante seguir a vis\u00e3o estreita de &quot;pare de fumar ou morra&quot;, propagandeada por seus patrocinadores bilion\u00e1rios, como Mike Bloomberg. A OMS ignora sistematicamente a vasta quantidade de evid\u00eancias cient\u00edficas que apontam para os benef\u00edcios do cigarro eletr\u00f4nico, sem mencionar a experi\u00eancia direta de milh\u00f5es de usu\u00e1rios.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Eighty-nine years ago, alcohol prohibition ended. Not only did prohibition destroy millions of families and lives, but it also created some of the largest and most fearsome mafia cartels ever seen. But what is less known is that it also kick-started the war on drugs, which we still see today.\u00a0 Johann Hari described the beginning [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":3427,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3426","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>History of the war on drugs should be a warning for anti-vaping crusaders<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Not only did alcohol prohibition destroy millions of lives, but it also created some of the largest mafia cartels ever seen.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/worldvapersalliance.com\/pt\/the-history-of-the-war-on-drugs-should-be-a-warning-for-anti-vaping-crusaders\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"History of the war on drugs should be a warning for anti-vaping crusaders\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Not only did alcohol prohibition destroy millions of lives, but it also created some of the largest mafia cartels ever seen.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/worldvapersalliance.com\/pt\/the-history-of-the-war-on-drugs-should-be-a-warning-for-anti-vaping-crusaders\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"World Vapers&#039; 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