{"id":5815,"date":"2024-10-14T07:26:38","date_gmt":"2024-10-14T11:26:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/worldvapersalliance.com\/?p=5815"},"modified":"2024-10-14T07:30:08","modified_gmt":"2024-10-14T11:30:08","slug":"how-risk-based-taxation-improves-public-health-learning-from-sweden-and-new-zealand","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worldvapersalliance.com\/pl\/how-risk-based-taxation-improves-public-health-learning-from-sweden-and-new-zealand\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak opodatkowanie oparte na ryzyku poprawia zdrowie publiczne: wnioski ze Szwecji i Nowej Zelandii\u2026"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kraje na ca\u0142ym \u015bwiecie wdra\u017caj\u0105 r\u00f3\u017cne strategie walki z paleniem tytoniu i ograniczania chor\u00f3b zwi\u0105zanych z paleniem. Podczas gdy niekt\u00f3re kraje przyj\u0119\u0142y progresywn\u0105 polityk\u0119 podatkow\u0105, aby zach\u0119ci\u0107 do przechodzenia na bezpieczniejsze produkty nikotynowe, inne wprowadzi\u0142y na nie wysokie podatki, co potencjalnie os\u0142abia dzia\u0142ania na rzecz redukcji szk\u00f3d. W tym wpisie na blogu analizujemy, jak kraje takie jak Szwecja i Nowa Zelandia przoduj\u0105 w obni\u017caniu podatk\u00f3w na mniej szkodliwe alternatywy, takie jak snus i produkty do palenia bez podgrzewania (heat-not-burn), aby zmniejszy\u0107 liczb\u0119 palaczy i poprawi\u0107 wyniki w zakresie zdrowia publicznego.<\/span><\/p>\n

Szwecja: europejski lider w redukcji szk\u00f3d wyrz\u0105dzonych przez tyto\u0144<\/b><\/h4>\n

Szwecja od dawna jest pionierem w strategiach redukcji szk\u00f3d, szczeg\u00f3lnie w zakresie stosowania snusu, bezdymnego wyrobu tytoniowego, kt\u00f3ry odegra\u0142 kluczow\u0105 rol\u0119 w spadku liczby palaczy w tym kraju. W zesz\u0142ym roku, <\/span>Szwecja dodatkowo zach\u0119ca\u0142a do przej\u015bcia z papieros\u00f3w na snus, <\/b>obni\u017canie podatk\u00f3w<\/b><\/a> na temat tej bezpieczniejszej alternatywy<\/b>. To podej\u015bcie wzmocni\u0142o szwedzk\u0105 drog\u0119 do stania si\u0119 pierwszym <\/span>wolny od dymu<\/span><\/a> kraj na \u015bwiecie: <\/span>Wska\u017anik palenia w Szwecji wynosi zaledwie 5,6%, co jest znacznie poni\u017cej \u015bredniej UE wynosz\u0105cej 23%<\/b>, i stale gwa\u0142townie spada. W rezultacie, <\/span>Szwecja ma r\u00f3wnie\u017c najni\u017cszy wska\u017anik zachorowa\u0144 i zgon\u00f3w zwi\u0105zanych z paleniem w Europie<\/b>, odnotowuj\u0105c zaledwie 26 zgon\u00f3w zwi\u0105zanych z paleniem na 100 000 mieszka\u0144c\u00f3w, podczas gdy \u015brednia UE jest ponad trzy razy wy\u017csza i wynosi oko\u0142o 100 zgon\u00f3w na 100 000.<\/span><\/p>\n

Szwedzki sukces doskonale ilustruje, jak dzia\u0142aj\u0105 strategie redukcji szk\u00f3d wyrz\u0105dzanych przez tyto\u0144. Pomimo spadku liczby palaczy, <\/span>Szwecja nadal jest jednym z kraj\u00f3w o najwy\u017cszym wska\u017aniku spo\u017cycia nikotyny w Europie<\/b>, Ponad 20% szwedzkiej populacji regularnie u\u017cywa snusu. Robi\u0105 to jednak w znacznie mniej szkodliwy spos\u00f3b, poniewa\u017c snus jest znacznie mniej szkodliwy ni\u017c papierosy, poniewa\u017c nie wymaga spalania, co jest g\u0142\u00f3wn\u0105 przyczyn\u0105 zagro\u017ce\u0144 dla zdrowia zwi\u0105zanych z paleniem. Obni\u017caj\u0105c podatki na snus, Szwecja uczyni\u0142a t\u0119 alternatyw\u0119 bardziej przyst\u0119pn\u0105 cenowo i dost\u0119pn\u0105, zach\u0119caj\u0105c palaczy do zmiany nawyk\u00f3w, a w rezultacie drastycznie zmniejszaj\u0105c liczb\u0119 chor\u00f3b zwi\u0105zanych z paleniem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nowa Zelandia: Obni\u017canie podatk\u00f3w w celu wspierania przysz\u0142o\u015bci wolnej od dymu<\/b><\/h4>\n

Podobnie jak Szwecja, Nowa Zelandia podejmuje proaktywne kroki, aby zach\u0119ci\u0107 palaczy do przej\u015bcia na mniej szkodliwe produkty nikotynowe. W lipcu 2024 r., <\/span>rz\u0105d og\u0142osi\u0142 <\/b>50% obni\u017cka podatk\u00f3w<\/b><\/a> na podgrzewane wyroby tytoniowe<\/b>, posuni\u0119cie maj\u0105ce na celu promowanie stosowania bezpieczniejszych alternatyw dla palenia. Polityka ta jest zgodna z szerszym zobowi\u0105zaniem Nowej Zelandii do stania si\u0119 <\/span>kraj wolny od dymu tytoniowego do 2025 r.<\/b>, a wska\u017aniki palenia ju\u017c spadaj\u0105 do <\/span>rekordowo niskie poziomy<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Decyzja o obni\u017ceniu podatk\u00f3w na bezpieczniejsze produkty nikotynowe odzwierciedla uznanie, \u017ce <\/span>cena odgrywa kluczow\u0105 rol\u0119<\/b> w zachowaniach konsument\u00f3w. Zwi\u0119kszaj\u0105c dost\u0119pno\u015b\u0107 waporyzacji i podgrzewanego tytoniu, Nowa Zelandia pomaga wi\u0119kszej liczbie palaczy odej\u015b\u0107 od tytoniu palnego, kt\u00f3ry pozostaje najbardziej szkodliwym sposobem spo\u017cywania nikotyny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rola progresywnego opodatkowania w redukcji szk\u00f3d<\/b><\/h4>\n

Podatki mog\u0105 by\u0107 skutecznym narz\u0119dziem promocji zdrowia publicznego, je\u015bli s\u0105 odpowiednio stosowane. Ni\u017csze podatki na bezpieczniejsze produkty nikotynowe sprawiaj\u0105, \u017ce te alternatywy s\u0105 bardziej dost\u0119pne i atrakcyjne dla palaczy, zach\u0119caj\u0105c ich do porzucenia papieros\u00f3w.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z drugiej strony, <\/span>wysokie podatki na bezpieczniejsze produkty nikotynowe mog\u0105 zniech\u0119ci\u0107 palaczy do przechodzenia na mniej szkodliwe alternatywy<\/b>. Kiedy koszt waporyzacji lub innych produkt\u00f3w o obni\u017conym ryzyku zbli\u017ca si\u0119 do ceny papieros\u00f3w lub j\u0105 przewy\u017csza, palacze mog\u0105 odczuwa\u0107 niewielk\u0105 zach\u0119t\u0119 finansow\u0105 do zmiany nawyk\u00f3w. Co wi\u0119cej, wysokie podatki mog\u0105 sk\u0142oni\u0107 u\u017cytkownik\u00f3w e-papieros\u00f3w do powrotu do palenia, niwecz\u0105c post\u0119py w ograniczaniu liczby palaczy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Wra\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 na cen\u0119 <\/b>Jest szczeg\u00f3lnie wysoki w\u015br\u00f3d grup o ni\u017cszych dochodach, kt\u00f3re stanowi\u0105 znaczn\u0105 cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 palaczy. Je\u015bli cena bezpieczniejszych produkt\u00f3w nikotynowych stanie si\u0119 zbyt wysoka z powodu nadmiernego opodatkowania, osoby te b\u0119d\u0105 bardziej sk\u0142onne do kontynuowania palenia ni\u017c przej\u015bcia na wapowanie lub inne alternatywy. Mo\u017ce to ostatecznie prowadzi\u0107 do wy\u017cszego wska\u017anika chor\u00f3b zwi\u0105zanych z paleniem, co dodatkowo obci\u0105\u017cy systemy opieki zdrowotnej.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ponadto,<\/span> nadmierne opodatkowanie mo\u017ce sprzyja\u0107 rozwojowi czarnego rynku, na kt\u00f3rym nieuregulowane produkty stwarzaj\u0105 wi\u0119ksze ryzyko dla konsument\u00f3w<\/b>. Zjawisko to zaobserwowano w wielu regionach, w kt\u00f3rych surowe przepisy i wysokie podatki na produkty do waporyzacji sk\u0142oni\u0142y u\u017cytkownik\u00f3w do poszukiwania ta\u0144szych, cz\u0119sto niebezpiecznych alternatyw ze \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142 nielegalnych.<\/span><\/p>\n

Wnioski: Podatki jako narz\u0119dzie pozytywnej zmiany<\/b><\/h4>\n

Przyk\u0142ady Szwecji i Nowej Zelandii pokazuj\u0105, \u017ce <\/span>progresywne polityki podatkowe<\/b> c<\/span>odgrywaj\u0105 kluczow\u0105 rol\u0119 w dzia\u0142aniach na rzecz redukcji szk\u00f3d<\/b>. Obni\u017caj\u0105c podatki na bezpieczniejsze alternatywy nikotynowe, kraje te u\u0142atwi\u0142y palaczom przej\u015bcie na mniej szkodliwe produkty, co prze\u0142o\u017cy\u0142o si\u0119 na mniejsz\u0105 liczb\u0119 chor\u00f3b i zgon\u00f3w zwi\u0105zanych z paleniem. Takie podej\u015bcie jest zgodne z fundamentalnym celem zdrowia publicznego: ograniczaniem szk\u00f3d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kraje, kt\u00f3re jeszcze nie przyj\u0119\u0142y tego podej\u015bcia, powinny wzi\u0105\u0107 pod uwag\u0119 dowody ze Szwecji i Nowej Zelandii. Wysokie podatki na bezpieczniejsze produkty nikotynowe mog\u0105 podwa\u017cy\u0107 wysi\u0142ki na rzecz redukcji szk\u00f3d, utrzymuj\u0105c palaczy przy papierosach i zwi\u0119kszaj\u0105c obci\u0105\u017cenie system\u00f3w opieki zdrowotnej. <\/span>Dostosowuj\u0105c polityk\u0119 podatkow\u0105 tak, aby odzwierciedla\u0142a ona zmniejszone ryzyko zwi\u0105zane z produktami takimi jak snus i waporyzacja, rz\u0105dy mog\u0105 zach\u0119ci\u0107 wi\u0119cej palaczy do przej\u015bcia na te produkty, co ostatecznie pozwoli uratowa\u0107 \u017cycie i poprawi\u0107 wyniki w zakresie zdrowia publicznego<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Countries around the world are implementing various strategies to combat smoking and reduce smoking-related illnesses. While some nations have embraced progressive taxation policies to encourage the switch to safer nicotine products, others have implemented high taxes on them, potentially undermining harm reduction efforts. 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