{"id":4797,"date":"2023-09-19T05:03:04","date_gmt":"2023-09-19T09:03:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/worldvapersalliance.com\/?p=4797"},"modified":"2023-09-19T07:35:31","modified_gmt":"2023-09-19T11:35:31","slug":"what-are-the-long-term-risks-of-vaping","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worldvapersalliance.com\/fr_be\/what-are-the-long-term-risks-of-vaping\/","title":{"rendered":"Quels sont les risques \u00e0 long terme du vapotage\u00a0?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Oui, oui, \u201c nous ne savons pas \u201d, mais il est n\u00e9cessaire de contextualiser cette appr\u00e9ciation n\u00e9gative. Il nous faut notamment contester les arguments rh\u00e9toriques qui instrumentalisent cette ignorance pour s'opposer \u00e0 la THR.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nous ne le savons pas de mani\u00e8re absolue, et nous ne le saurons peut-\u00eatre jamais avec une pr\u00e9cision totale, car la complexit\u00e9 de la biologie humaine rend la question particuli\u00e8rement ardue compte tenu de la diversit\u00e9 des r\u00e9ponses individuelles et des syst\u00e8mes biologiques potentiellement affect\u00e9s. Cependant, nous pouvons formuler des estimations et des conclusions tr\u00e8s fiables \u00e0 partir des connaissances existantes \u00e0 court et moyen terme, qui sont substantielles\u00a0: des centaines d\u2019exp\u00e9riences bien con\u00e7ues portant sur les tests d\u2019\u00e9missions, les biomarqueurs, les \u00e9tudes pr\u00e9cliniques et m\u00eame cliniques indiquent clairement, apr\u00e8s une dizaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es d\u2019observations rigoureuses, que les risques (compris comme des dommages potentiels) du vapotage sont consid\u00e9rablement r\u00e9duits par rapport au tabagisme. Cette conclusion \u00e0 long terme est l\u2019un des principaux piliers de la sant\u00e9 cardiovasculaire (et de nombreuses autres questions abord\u00e9es par la science). Il est important de la comprendre et de la d\u00e9fendre.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Il n'y a rien d'extravagant \u00e0 \u00e9laborer des mod\u00e9lisations et des pr\u00e9visions \u00e0 long terme (sur plusieurs d\u00e9cennies) bas\u00e9es sur nos connaissances actuelles et sur l'\u00e9volution pass\u00e9e ; c'est une pratique courante dans de nombreuses disciplines scientifiques.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Si le vapotage doit \u00eatre rejet\u00e9, s\u00e9v\u00e8rement restreint et surr\u00e9glement\u00e9 sous pr\u00e9texte que \u201c nous ne connaissons pas ses effets \u00e0 long terme \u201d, alors nous devrions \u00e9galement rejeter ou restreindre drastiquement la promotion de politiques environnementales visant \u00e0 lutter contre le changement climatique d\u00fb au r\u00e9chauffement plan\u00e9taire, car nous ne pouvons pas \u00eatre assur\u00e9s de leur succ\u00e8s. Nous ne pouvons pas nous projeter dans 30 \u00e0 50 ans et revenir avec des mesures pr\u00e9cises montrant une hausse des temp\u00e9ratures mondiales de 1,5 ou 3 degr\u00e9s, ou une absence de hausse.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c9tudier l'\u00e9volution thermique \u00e0 long terme de l'atmosph\u00e8re terrestre est un d\u00e9fi de taille, tout comme \u00e9tudier l'\u00e9volution des effets biologiques \u00e0 long terme du vapotage. Cependant, le manque de connaissances absolues sur ces effets n'emp\u00eache pas les gouvernements et les institutions de poursuivre leurs efforts pour promouvoir les \u00e9nergies vertes et les changements de politique. L'argument principal est que, que les temp\u00e9ratures mondiales augmentent de 1,5 ou de 3 degr\u00e9s, nous serions bien plus mal lotis si nous restions les bras crois\u00e9s, car \u201c nous ne savons pas \u201d.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pourtant, \u00e0 l'instar des climatosceptiques, de nombreux d\u00e9tracteurs du vapotage sugg\u00e8rent de \u201c ne rien faire (ou de s'y opposer ou de le restreindre excessivement) car nous ignorons les risques \u00e0 long terme \u201d. Cette attitude r\u00e9pandue est potentiellement d\u00e9sastreuse (combien de fumeurs tomberont malades et vivront moins longtemps pendant les d\u00e9cennies qu'il faudra \u201c avant de le savoir \u201d ?).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Dans les deux cas d'\u00e9valuation des effets \u00e0 long terme (THR et changement climatique), tous les mod\u00e8les et pr\u00e9visions reposent fortement sur des hypoth\u00e8ses quant \u00e0 l'\u00e9volution de la situation. Les sc\u00e9narios de r\u00e9chauffement climatique d\u00e9pendent des politiques susceptibles d'\u00eatre mises en \u0153uvre \u00e0 court ou moyen terme\u00a0; il existe un \u00e9ventail d'hypoth\u00e8ses allant de l'optimisme au pessimisme. Il n'existe pas de solution miracle et de nombreuses inconnues et incertitudes persistent, mais cela n'entrave pas les efforts d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n

De m\u00eame, toute mod\u00e9lisation des effets biologiques \u00e0 long terme des produits de vapotage d\u00e9pendra des \u00e9v\u00e9nements survenant entre-temps. Les interdictions ou une r\u00e9glementation excessive dissuaderont de nombreux fumeurs de passer au vapotage et freineront les d\u00e9veloppements technologiques n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la production de cigarettes \u00e9lectroniques \u00e9mettant des substances encore moins toxiques. L'acceptation institutionnelle du vapotage (m\u00eame sous r\u00e9serve de certaines critiques) cr\u00e9erait des conditions plus favorables \u00e0 ces am\u00e9liorations.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Outre le changement climatique, la recherche pharmaceutique, qui vise \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper des m\u00e9dicaments et des vaccins, repose \u00e9galement sur des pr\u00e9visions \u00e0 long terme fond\u00e9es sur les connaissances m\u00e9dicales et biologiques ant\u00e9rieures et sur une courte p\u00e9riode d'essais cliniques. Pratiquement tous les m\u00e9dicaments sont mis sur le march\u00e9 apr\u00e8s jusqu'\u00e0 dix ans d'essais contr\u00f4l\u00e9s randomis\u00e9s. Bien entendu, une surveillance attentive est essentielle, et il existe des exemples de m\u00e9dicaments retir\u00e9s du march\u00e9 suite \u00e0 la mise en \u00e9vidence d'effets ind\u00e9sirables impr\u00e9vus. Aucun partisan de la th\u00e9rapie par le vapotage (THR) ne s'oppose \u00e0 une surveillance similaire des vapoteurs. Toutefois, il est toujours n\u00e9cessaire de garder \u00e0 l'esprit qu'il peut \u00eatre tr\u00e8s difficile de distinguer les effets ind\u00e9sirables d\u00e9tect\u00e9s chez les vapoteurs des effets ind\u00e9sirables ant\u00e9rieurs et persistants li\u00e9s \u00e0 un long pass\u00e9 de tabagisme (la plupart des vapoteurs \u00e9tant d'anciens ou actuels fumeurs).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Un autre argument fallacieux concernant le manque de connaissances sur les effets \u00e0 long terme est le suivant\u00a0: \u201c\u00a0Il nous a fallu des d\u00e9cennies pour d\u00e9couvrir les m\u00e9faits du tabac, il nous en faudra autant pour conna\u00eetre ceux du vapotage.\u00a0\u201d Cet argument r\u00e9v\u00e8le une m\u00e9connaissance des sciences. Certes, l\u2019humanit\u00e9 a mis des si\u00e8cles \u00e0 ma\u00eetriser l\u2019aviation (finalement au d\u00e9but du XXe si\u00e8cle), mais seulement quelques d\u00e9cennies ont suffi pour d\u00e9velopper les moyens d\u2019atteindre la Lune (1969). Si la cigarette \u00e9tait invent\u00e9e aujourd\u2019hui, les connaissances actuelles en chimie analytique, en physique et chimie des a\u00e9rosols, en biologie humaine et en m\u00e9decine permettraient de mettre en \u00e9vidence ses effets nocifs en quelques mois, voire quelques semaines. Nous ne conna\u00eetrions pas tous les dommages de mani\u00e8re absolue et pr\u00e9cise, mais nous saurions qu\u2019elle est nocive.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Enfin, la prochaine fois qu'un d\u00e9tracteur de la THR (th\u00e9rapie de r\u00e9sistance aux m\u00e9dicaments) affirmera \u201c\u00a0nous nous y opposons car nous ignorons ses effets \u00e0 long terme\u00a0\u201d, r\u00e9pondez-lui que le m\u00eame argument servirait \u00e0 refuser de reconna\u00eetre le r\u00e9chauffement climatique et de promouvoir des changements de politique \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique pour y faire face. Par la m\u00eame logique, cette personne ne devrait prendre aucun m\u00e9dicament ni se faire vacciner avant des d\u00e9cennies d'essais cliniques.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Dr Roberto A. Sussman<\/span>
\n<\/span>Institut des sciences nucl\u00e9aires<\/span><\/p>\n

Universit\u00e9 nationale autonome du Mexique<\/span><\/p>\n

UNAM<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yes, yes, “we don\u2019t know\u201d, but it is necessary to put a context on this negative assessment. In particular, we need to challenge rhetorical arguments using this lack of knowledge as an argument to oppose THR. We don\u2019t know in absolute terms, we might never know it with full precision, as the complexity of human […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":4461,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4797","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"\nWhat are the long term risks of vaping? - World Vapers' Alliance<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"We need to challenge rhetorical arguments using the lack of knowledge as an argument to oppose tobacco harm reduction.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/worldvapersalliance.com\/fr_be\/what-are-the-long-term-risks-of-vaping\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What are the long term risks of vaping? 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