{"id":3426,"date":"2022-12-12T06:52:03","date_gmt":"2022-12-12T11:52:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/worldvapersalliance.com\/?p=3426"},"modified":"2022-12-12T06:54:43","modified_gmt":"2022-12-12T11:54:43","slug":"the-history-of-the-war-on-drugs-should-be-a-warning-for-anti-vaping-crusaders","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worldvapersalliance.com\/fr_be\/the-history-of-the-war-on-drugs-should-be-a-warning-for-anti-vaping-crusaders\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019histoire de la guerre contre la drogue devrait servir d\u2019avertissement \u00e0 la croisade anti-vapotage\u2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il y a quatre-vingt-neuf ans, la prohibition de l&#039;alcool a pris fin. Non seulement elle a d\u00e9truit des millions de familles et de vies, mais elle a aussi engendr\u00e9 certains des cartels mafieux les plus vastes et les plus redoutables jamais vus. Ce que l&#039;on sait moins, c&#039;est qu&#039;elle a \u00e9galement d\u00e9clench\u00e9 la guerre contre la drogue, dont les cons\u00e9quences se font encore sentir aujourd&#039;hui.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Johann Hari a d\u00e9crit le d\u00e9but de la guerre contre la drogue dans son livre \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/chasingthescream.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c0 la poursuite du cri<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d\u00a0Tr\u00e8s bien, et l&#039;une des figures cl\u00e9s est Harry Anslinger, devenu commissaire du Bureau f\u00e9d\u00e9ral des stup\u00e9fiants du d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain en 1930.\u00a0\u00bb <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/castamatic.com\/+yGAZyYLp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">podcast<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Hari d\u00e9crit Anslinger comme \u201c l&#039;homme le plus malfaisant que personne ne conna\u00eet \u201d. Il a pris la t\u00eate du Bureau \u00e0 la veille de la fin de la prohibition de l&#039;alcool. Il a rapidement compris que, l&#039;alcool n&#039;\u00e9tant plus l&#039;ennemi num\u00e9ro un, il lui fallait une nouvelle cible pour justifier son poste et assurer le financement de son agence. Selon Hari, il a commenc\u00e9 par militer pour une guerre contre l&#039;h\u00e9ro\u00efne et la coca\u00efne, mais s&#039;est rendu compte que la consommation de ces produits \u00e9tait trop faible pour justifier les sommes colossales allou\u00e9es \u00e0 son agence. Son plan machiav\u00e9lique fut donc de lancer une guerre contre le cannabis. Cela correspondait parfaitement \u00e0 ses id\u00e9es s\u00e9gr\u00e9gationnistes et raciales, et il pouvait ainsi cibler les Noirs et le jazz. De plus, il d\u00e9testait les personnes d\u00e9pendantes (selon ses crit\u00e8res) \u00e0 toute substance. Il ne lui manquait plus qu&#039;une histoire effrayante pour justifier cette guerre contre le cannabis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alors, lorsqu&#039;il apprit l&#039;existence d&#039;un meurtre brutal \u00e0 la hache, il sut que c&#039;\u00e9tait le moment qu&#039;il attendait. Victor Licata avait assassin\u00e9 sa famille \u00e0 la hache. Bien que les m\u00e9decins aient diagnostiqu\u00e9 une schizophr\u00e9nie, son <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/fee.org\/articles\/how-an-axe-murderer-helped-make-weed-illegal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La consommation de cannabis a \u00e9t\u00e9 mise en cause<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finalement, Anslinger trouva l&#039;explication parfaite et d\u00e9clara lors d&#039;une audition au Congr\u00e8s\u00a0: \u201c\u00a0Certaines personnes entreront dans une rage folle, deviendront temporairement irresponsables et pourront commettre des crimes violents.\u00a0\u201d Ce fut le d\u00e9but d&#039;une vaste campagne anti-cannabis (qui commen\u00e7a notamment \u00e0 utiliser le terme \u00ab\u00a0marihuana\u00a0\u00bb pour lui donner une consonance plus mexicaine, selon Laura Smith) et mena \u00e0 l&#039;interdiction du cannabis, responsable de centaines de milliers de morts et de millions de vies bris\u00e9es.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pourquoi est-ce pertinent pour le monde du vapotage\u00a0? La r\u00e9ponse est simple\u00a0: la politique fonctionne encore de mani\u00e8re tr\u00e8s similaire. Voici quatre raisons\u00a0:\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La prohibition tue<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Si les d\u00e9cideurs politiques ont retenu une le\u00e7on de l&#039;histoire, c&#039;est que la prohibition est inefficace. Aux \u00c9tats-Unis, la prohibition de l&#039;alcool a \u00e9t\u00e9 un d\u00e9sastre complet, entra\u00eenant une augmentation de la consommation, notamment \u00e0 risque, et la prolif\u00e9ration de vastes cartels criminels meurtriers. La guerre contre la drogue \u00e0 l&#039;\u00e9chelle mondiale est un \u00e9chec total et a souvent engendr\u00e9 des politiques contre-productives. Aux \u00c9tats-Unis, la prohibition a ruin\u00e9 des millions de vies et la guerre contre la drogue a failli plonger des pays entiers dans le chaos. Interdire un produit ne fait pas dispara\u00eetre la demande\u00a0; le fournisseur passe simplement des entreprises officielles aux acteurs du march\u00e9 noir. Cela peut para\u00eetre simpliste, mais c&#039;est pourtant une r\u00e9alit\u00e9. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iea.org.uk\/blog\/prohibitions-create-black-markets-and-cause-violent-crime\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">fait historique<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Il est donc raisonnable de supposer que la lutte contre le vapotage aura les m\u00eames cons\u00e9quences. Interdire, voire restreindre, le vapotage et la nicotine pour les adultes ne fera qu&#039;alimenter le march\u00e9 noir et accro\u00eetre la consommation de produits d\u00e9j\u00e0 interdits.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les bureaucraties n&#039;atteignent jamais leurs objectifs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le r\u00e9cit du Bureau des stup\u00e9fiants d\u00e9crit parfaitement le concept de \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.cambridge.org\/dictionary\/english\/mission-creep\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">d\u00e9rive de mission<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cLes agences gouvernementales, mais aussi de nombreuses ONG, ne gagnent jamais, quel que soit leur objectif. Apr\u00e8s la fin de la prohibition de l&#039;alcool, elles ne se sont pas dit : \u201c Bon, on n&#039;est plus n\u00e9cessaires, alors renon\u00e7ons \u00e0 nos emplois confortables et \u00e0 nos retraites \u201d, mais elles se sont mises en qu\u00eate de nouvelles cibles. En l&#039;occurrence, le cannabis. Dans le cadre de la lutte contre le tabagisme, ce sont le vapotage et la nicotine. Au lieu de se r\u00e9jouir de la baisse du nombre de fumeurs et de la diminution significative des d\u00e9c\u00e8s, de nombreux gouvernements, agences de sant\u00e9 publique et militants antitabac se sont lanc\u00e9s \u00e0 la recherche de nouveaux ennemis. Ils ont d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de faire du vapotage et de la nicotine en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des boucs \u00e9missaires, et de ce fait, la lutte contre le tabagisme s&#039;est progressivement transform\u00e9e en une lutte contre la nicotine.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La guerre contre la drogue est aussi une guerre contre la science.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour poursuivre la lutte contre une substance particuli\u00e8re, les agences gouvernementales et les ONG ont besoin du soutien du public, et comme l&#039;histoire l&#039;a montr\u00e9, pour certains, ce soutien prime sur les faits scientifiques. Les exemples classiques en sont les premiers films et affiches anti-cannabis affirmant que le cannabis rend fou. Voici un exemple. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=sbjHOBJzhb0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">exemple<\/a>:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201c\u00a0Le destin ultime du toxicomane au cannabis\u00a0: la folie sans espoir.\u00a0\u201d Une telle affirmation n\u2019a rien \u00e0 voir avec la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 scientifique, mais le public a \u00e9t\u00e9 bombard\u00e9 d\u2019histoires horrifiques pour entretenir son opposition au cannabis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il est tout \u00e0 fait l\u00e9gitime de constater des similitudes avec les opposants au vapotage. Plus de trois ans apr\u00e8s l&#039;apparition de l&#039;EVALI (pr\u00e9tendus dommages \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 attribu\u00e9s au vapotage), on peut encore lire des articles de presse ou entendre des politiciens affirmer que le vapotage tue \u2013 alors m\u00eame que cette affirmation a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mentie.\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.qeios.com\/read\/ZGVHM7.3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">d\u00e9mystifi\u00e9<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00e0 plusieurs reprises.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Une autre cons\u00e9quence de ce biais est que la science devient unilat\u00e9rale et que des avantages potentiels sont n\u00e9glig\u00e9s. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.coehar.org\/harm-reduction-and-bias-a-review-confirms-that-ecigs-are-less-harmful-but-high-quality-studies-are-much-needed\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">revoir<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Sur 755 \u00e9tudes de cas portant sur les effets g\u00e9n\u00e9raux du vapotage, seules 37 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 jug\u00e9es \u201c\u00a0r\u00e9pondant \u00e0 des crit\u00e8res pr\u00e9cis de qualit\u00e9 scientifique\u00a0\u201d. Ce qui aggrave encore ce biais, c\u2019est que ces \u00e9tudes servent souvent de base aux politiques relatives au vapotage.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La guerre contre le vapotage et la nicotine dissuade \u00e9galement les gens d&#039;abandonner la cigarette. Cela nuira \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 publique. De plus, inutilement, de nombreuses personnes continueront \u00e0 fumer. Les restrictions excessives impos\u00e9es \u00e0 la recherche scientifique sur la nicotine nous priveront d&#039;innovations potentielles et peut-\u00eatre m\u00eame de traitements pour de nombreuses maladies. R\u00e9cemment, nous avons constat\u00e9 les cons\u00e9quences d\u00e9sastreuses de la d\u00e9sinformation et de la propagande anti-scientifique. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2022\/dec\/02\/ive-lost-my-children-to-vaping-the-tragic-stories-behind-the-soaring-rates-of-youth-addiction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le Gardien<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Un m\u00e9decin australien aurait donn\u00e9 des cigarettes \u00e0 son fils pour qu&#039;il arr\u00eate de vapoter.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L&#039;id\u00e9ologie corrompt les institutions publiques<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Milton Friedman a dit un jour que \u201c rien n&#039;est aussi permanent qu&#039;un programme gouvernemental temporaire \u201d, et je pense qu&#039;il avait raison. M\u00eame lorsque les faits \u00e9voluent, les politiciens et les institutions officielles changent rarement d&#039;avis ou d&#039;approche. La guerre contre la drogue en est un parfait exemple. On n&#039;arrive m\u00eame pas \u00e0 emp\u00eacher la drogue d&#039;entrer en prison, et pourtant, de nombreux politiciens pensent qu&#039;il est possible de l&#039;\u00e9radiquer d&#039;un pays entier, voire d&#039;un continent, ce qui est impossible. Mais la situation peut \u00eatre encore pire\u00a0: non seulement certains ne changent pas d&#039;attitude face \u00e0 de nouvelles preuves scientifiques ou concr\u00e8tes, mais ils tentent parfois m\u00eame de les dissimuler. L&#039;un des pires exemples est l&#039;une des \u00e9tudes les plus exhaustives jamais r\u00e9alis\u00e9es sur la consommation mondiale de coca\u00efne, men\u00e9e par l&#039;OMS en 1995. Cette \u00e9tude contestait tous les aspects de la guerre contre la drogue men\u00e9e par les \u00c9tats-Unis. Elle affirmait\u00a0: \u201c\u00a0Un recours accru \u00e0 des mesures telles que l&#039;\u00e9ducation, le traitement et les programmes de r\u00e9adaptation constitue un contrepoids souhaitable \u00e0 la d\u00e9pendance excessive \u00e0 l&#039;\u00e9gard des forces de l&#039;ordre.\u00a0\u201d Qu&#039;est-il advenu de cette \u00e9tude\u00a0? Selon\u2026 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2009\/jun\/13\/bad-science-cocaine-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ben Goldacre<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9tract\u00e9e parce que les \u00c9tats-Unis ont menac\u00e9 l&#039;OMS de retirer leur financement si elle publiait l&#039;\u00e9tude (qui a ensuite fuit\u00e9).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En mati\u00e8re de vapotage, on observe une tendance similaire au sein de l&#039;OMS. Son approche est entach\u00e9e de discours anti-vapotage biais\u00e9s et alarmistes, et de fausses affirmations d\u00e8s qu&#039;elle aborde le sujet. Au lieu de se concentrer sur l&#039;objectif primordial de r\u00e9duire le tabagisme, l&#039;OMS s&#039;attaque au vapotage, pourtant l&#039;outil de sevrage tabagique le plus efficace au monde. Elle privil\u00e9gie l&#039;approche \u00e9triqu\u00e9e du \u2018\u00a0stop ou mourir\u00a0\u2019 pr\u00f4n\u00e9e par ses sponsors milliardaires, comme Mike Bloomberg. L&#039;OMS ignore syst\u00e9matiquement l&#039;abondance de preuves scientifiques d\u00e9montrant les bienfaits du vapotage, sans parler du t\u00e9moignage direct de millions de vapoteurs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Eighty-nine years ago, alcohol prohibition ended. Not only did prohibition destroy millions of families and lives, but it also created some of the largest and most fearsome mafia cartels ever seen. But what is less known is that it also kick-started the war on drugs, which we still see today.\u00a0 Johann Hari described the beginning [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":3427,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3426","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>History of the war on drugs should be a warning for anti-vaping crusaders<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Not only did alcohol prohibition destroy millions of lives, but it also created some of the largest mafia cartels ever seen.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/worldvapersalliance.com\/fr_be\/the-history-of-the-war-on-drugs-should-be-a-warning-for-anti-vaping-crusaders\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"History of the war on drugs should be a warning for anti-vaping crusaders\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Not only did alcohol prohibition destroy millions of lives, but it also created some of the largest mafia cartels ever seen.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/worldvapersalliance.com\/fr_be\/the-history-of-the-war-on-drugs-should-be-a-warning-for-anti-vaping-crusaders\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"World Vapers&#039; 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