{"id":5815,"date":"2024-10-14T07:26:38","date_gmt":"2024-10-14T11:26:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/worldvapersalliance.com\/?p=5815"},"modified":"2024-10-14T07:30:08","modified_gmt":"2024-10-14T11:30:08","slug":"how-risk-based-taxation-improves-public-health-learning-from-sweden-and-new-zealand","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worldvapersalliance.com\/es\/how-risk-based-taxation-improves-public-health-learning-from-sweden-and-new-zealand\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f3mo la tributaci\u00f3n basada en el riesgo mejora la salud p\u00fablica: lecciones de Suecia y Nueva Zelanda"},"content":{"rendered":"

En todo el mundo, los pa\u00edses est\u00e1n implementando diversas estrategias para combatir el tabaquismo y reducir las enfermedades relacionadas con \u00e9l. Mientras que algunas naciones han adoptado pol\u00edticas de impuestos progresivos para fomentar el cambio a productos de nicotina m\u00e1s seguros, otras han impuesto altos impuestos, lo que podr\u00eda socavar los esfuerzos de reducci\u00f3n de da\u00f1os. Este art\u00edculo analiza c\u00f3mo pa\u00edses como Suecia y Nueva Zelanda est\u00e1n liderando el camino al reducir los impuestos sobre alternativas menos da\u00f1inas, como el snus y los productos de tabaco calentado, para disminuir las tasas de tabaquismo y mejorar la salud p\u00fablica.<\/span><\/p>\n

Suecia: L\u00edder europeo en la reducci\u00f3n de da\u00f1os del tabaco<\/b><\/h4>\n

Suecia ha sido pionera durante mucho tiempo en estrategias de reducci\u00f3n de da\u00f1os, en particular con el uso del snus, un producto de tabaco sin humo que ha sido clave para la disminuci\u00f3n de las tasas de tabaquismo en el pa\u00eds. El a\u00f1o pasado, <\/span>Suecia incentiv\u00f3 a\u00fan m\u00e1s el cambio de cigarrillos a snus mediante <\/b>reducci\u00f3n de impuestos<\/b><\/a> sobre esta alternativa m\u00e1s segura<\/b>. Este enfoque ha reforzado la trayectoria sueca para convertirse en el primero <\/span>libre de humo<\/span><\/a> pa\u00eds del mundo: <\/span>La tasa de tabaquismo en Suecia es de tan solo 5,61 personas por cada 1000 habitantes por d\u00eda, muy por debajo del promedio de la UE de 231 personas por cada 1000 habitantes por d\u00eda.<\/b>, y sigue disminuyendo r\u00e1pidamente. Como resultado, <\/span>Suecia tambi\u00e9n tiene las tasas m\u00e1s bajas de enfermedades y muertes relacionadas con el tabaquismo en Europa.<\/b>, registrando solo 26 muertes relacionadas con el tabaquismo por cada 100.000 habitantes, mientras que el promedio de la UE es m\u00e1s de tres veces mayor, en alrededor de 100 muertes por cada 100.000.<\/span><\/p>\n

El \u00e9xito sueco ejemplifica a la perfecci\u00f3n c\u00f3mo funcionan las estrategias de reducci\u00f3n de da\u00f1os del tabaco. A pesar del descenso en las tasas de tabaquismo, <\/span>Suecia sigue siendo uno de los pa\u00edses con las tasas de consumo de nicotina m\u00e1s altas de Europa.<\/b>, M\u00e1s del 201% de la poblaci\u00f3n sueca consume snus regularmente. Sin embargo, lo hacen de una manera mucho menos da\u00f1ina, ya que el snus es significativamente menos perjudicial que los cigarrillos al no implicar combusti\u00f3n, que es la principal causa de los riesgos para la salud asociados al tabaquismo. Al reducir los impuestos sobre el snus, Suecia ha hecho que esta alternativa sea m\u00e1s asequible y accesible, incentivando a los fumadores a cambiar a esta opci\u00f3n y, como resultado, reduciendo dr\u00e1sticamente las enfermedades relacionadas con el tabaquismo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nueva Zelanda: Reducci\u00f3n de impuestos para apoyar un futuro libre de humo<\/b><\/h4>\n

Al igual que Suecia, Nueva Zelanda est\u00e1 tomando medidas proactivas para animar a los fumadores a pasarse a productos de nicotina menos da\u00f1inos. En julio de 2024, <\/span>El gobierno anunci\u00f3 un <\/b>Reducci\u00f3n de impuestos seg\u00fan la secci\u00f3n 50%<\/b><\/a> sobre productos de tabaco calentado<\/b>, una medida dise\u00f1ada para promover el uso de alternativas m\u00e1s seguras al tabaco. Esta pol\u00edtica se alinea con el compromiso m\u00e1s amplio de Nueva Zelanda de convertirse en un pa\u00eds libre de tabaco. <\/span>naci\u00f3n libre de humo para 2025<\/b>, con tasas de tabaquismo que ya se est\u00e1n desplomando a <\/span>m\u00ednimos hist\u00f3ricos<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

La decisi\u00f3n de reducir los impuestos sobre los productos de nicotina m\u00e1s seguros refleja el reconocimiento de que <\/span>El precio juega un papel crucial<\/b> en el comportamiento del consumidor. Al hacer que el vapeo y el tabaco calentado sean m\u00e1s asequibles, Nueva Zelanda est\u00e1 ayudando a m\u00e1s fumadores a dejar el tabaco combustible, que sigue siendo la forma m\u00e1s da\u00f1ina de consumir nicotina.<\/span><\/p>\n

El papel de la tributaci\u00f3n progresiva en la reducci\u00f3n de da\u00f1os<\/b><\/h4>\n

Los impuestos pueden ser una herramienta poderosa para promover la salud p\u00fablica cuando se utilizan adecuadamente. Los impuestos m\u00e1s bajos sobre los productos de nicotina m\u00e1s seguros hacen que estas alternativas sean m\u00e1s accesibles y atractivas para los fumadores, anim\u00e1ndolos a dejar de fumar cigarrillos.<\/span><\/p>\n

Por otro lado, <\/span>Los altos impuestos sobre los productos de nicotina m\u00e1s seguros pueden disuadir a los fumadores de pasarse a alternativas menos da\u00f1inas.<\/b>. Cuando el costo del vapeo u otros productos de riesgo reducido se acerca o supera al de los cigarrillos, los fumadores pueden tener pocos incentivos econ\u00f3micos para cambiar. Adem\u00e1s, los altos impuestos pueden hacer que los vapeadores vuelvan a fumar, revirtiendo el progreso logrado en la reducci\u00f3n de las tasas de tabaquismo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sensibilidad al precio <\/b>La prevalencia es particularmente alta entre los grupos de bajos ingresos, que representan una gran proporci\u00f3n de los fumadores. Si el precio de los productos de nicotina m\u00e1s seguros se encarece demasiado debido a impuestos excesivos, estas personas tendr\u00e1n m\u00e1s probabilidades de seguir fumando en lugar de optar por el vapeo u otras alternativas. Esto puede derivar en mayores tasas de enfermedades relacionadas con el tabaquismo, lo que supone una mayor presi\u00f3n para los sistemas de salud p\u00fablica.<\/span><\/p>\n

Adem\u00e1s,<\/span> Los impuestos excesivos pueden fomentar el crecimiento de los mercados negros, donde los productos no regulados representan mayores riesgos para los consumidores.<\/b>. Esto se ha observado en varias regiones donde las regulaciones estrictas o los altos impuestos sobre los productos de vapeo han llevado a los usuarios a buscar alternativas m\u00e1s baratas, a menudo inseguras, procedentes de fuentes il\u00edcitas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Conclusi\u00f3n: La tributaci\u00f3n como herramienta para el cambio positivo<\/b><\/h4>\n

Los ejemplos de Suecia y Nueva Zelanda demuestran que <\/span>pol\u00edticas de impuestos progresivos<\/b> do<\/span>y desempe\u00f1an un papel fundamental en los esfuerzos de reducci\u00f3n de da\u00f1os<\/b>. Al reducir los impuestos sobre las alternativas m\u00e1s seguras a la nicotina, estos pa\u00edses han facilitado que los fumadores se pasen a productos menos da\u00f1inos, lo que ha dado como resultado una disminuci\u00f3n de las enfermedades y muertes relacionadas con el tabaquismo. Este enfoque se alinea con el objetivo fundamental de la salud p\u00fablica: reducir los da\u00f1os.<\/span><\/p>\n

Los pa\u00edses que a\u00fan no han adoptado este enfoque deber\u00edan considerar la evidencia de Suecia y Nueva Zelanda. Los altos impuestos sobre los productos de nicotina m\u00e1s seguros pueden socavar los esfuerzos de reducci\u00f3n de da\u00f1os, manteniendo a los fumadores en el consumo de cigarrillos y aumentando la carga sobre los sistemas de salud. <\/span>Al ajustar las pol\u00edticas fiscales para reflejar los riesgos reducidos de productos como el snus y el vapeo, los gobiernos pueden incentivar a m\u00e1s fumadores a cambiar a estas alternativas, lo que en \u00faltima instancia salvar\u00e1 vidas y mejorar\u00e1 la salud p\u00fablica.<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Countries around the world are implementing various strategies to combat smoking and reduce smoking-related illnesses. While some nations have embraced progressive taxation policies to encourage the switch to safer nicotine products, others have implemented high taxes on them, potentially undermining harm reduction efforts. 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