{"id":5815,"date":"2024-10-14T07:26:38","date_gmt":"2024-10-14T11:26:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/worldvapersalliance.com\/?p=5815"},"modified":"2024-10-14T07:30:08","modified_gmt":"2024-10-14T11:30:08","slug":"how-risk-based-taxation-improves-public-health-learning-from-sweden-and-new-zealand","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worldvapersalliance.com\/cs\/how-risk-based-taxation-improves-public-health-learning-from-sweden-and-new-zealand\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak zdan\u011bn\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na riziku zlep\u0161uje ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed: Pou\u010den\u00ed ze \u0160v\u00e9dska a Ne\u2026"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zem\u011b po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 strategie pro boj s kou\u0159en\u00edm a sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010dtu nemoc\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s kou\u0159en\u00edm. Zat\u00edmco n\u011bkter\u00e9 zem\u011b p\u0159ijaly progresivn\u00ed zda\u0148ovac\u00ed politiku, aby podpo\u0159ily p\u0159echod na bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nikotinov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, jin\u00e9 na n\u011b zavedly vysok\u00e9 dan\u011b, co\u017e potenci\u00e1ln\u011b podkop\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00fasil\u00ed o sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kod. Tento blogov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek zkoum\u00e1, jak zem\u011b jako \u0160v\u00e9dsko a Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land jdou p\u0159\u00edkladem ve sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed dan\u00ed z m\u00e9n\u011b \u0161kodliv\u00fdch alternativ, jako je snus a v\u00fdrobky typu \u201eheat-not-heat\u201c, s c\u00edlem sn\u00ed\u017eit m\u00edru kou\u0159en\u00ed a zlep\u0161it v\u00fdsledky v oblasti ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160v\u00e9dsko: Evropsk\u00fd l\u00eddr v oblasti sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kod zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch tab\u00e1kem<\/b><\/h4>\n

\u0160v\u00e9dsko je ji\u017e dlouho pr\u016fkopn\u00edkem v oblasti strategi\u00ed sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kod, zejm\u00e9na pokud jde o pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed snusu, bezd\u00fdmn\u00e9ho tab\u00e1kov\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobku, kter\u00fd byl kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd pro klesaj\u00edc\u00ed m\u00edru kou\u0159en\u00ed v zemi. V lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce, <\/span>\u0160v\u00e9dsko d\u00e1le motivovalo k p\u0159echodu z cigaret na snus t\u00edm, \u017ee <\/b>sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed dan\u00ed<\/b><\/a> na tuto bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alternativu<\/b>. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup pos\u00edlil \u0161v\u00e9dskou cestu st\u00e1t se prvn\u00edm\u2026 <\/span>neku\u0159\u00e1ck\u00fd<\/span><\/a> zem\u011b na sv\u011bt\u011b: <\/span>M\u00edra kou\u0159en\u00ed ve \u0160v\u00e9dsku je pouh\u00fdch 5,61 TP4T, co\u017e je hluboko pod pr\u016fm\u011brem EU, kter\u00fd \u010din\u00ed 231 TP4T.<\/b>, a st\u00e1le rychle kles\u00e1. V d\u016fsledku toho, <\/span>\u0160v\u00e9dsko m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed m\u00edru nemoc\u00ed a \u00famrt\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s kou\u0159en\u00edm v Evrop\u011b.<\/b>, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e na 100 000 obyvatel je zaznamen\u00e1no pouze 26 \u00famrt\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s kou\u0159en\u00edm, zat\u00edmco pr\u016fm\u011br EU je v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159ikr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed a pohybuje se kolem 100 \u00famrt\u00ed na 100 000.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160v\u00e9dsk\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch dokonale ilustruje, jak funguj\u00ed strategie sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kod zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch tab\u00e1kem. Navzdory poklesu m\u00edry kou\u0159en\u00ed, <\/span>\u0160v\u00e9dsko je i nad\u00e1le jednou ze zem\u00ed s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edrou spot\u0159eby nikotinu v Evrop\u011b.<\/b>, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 20% \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e9 populace pravideln\u011b u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 snus. \u010cin\u00ed tak v\u0161ak mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b \u0161kodliv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, proto\u017ee snus je v\u00fdrazn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b \u0161kodliv\u00fd ne\u017e cigarety, proto\u017ee nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k jeho spalov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou zdravotn\u00edch rizik spojen\u00fdch s kou\u0159en\u00edm. Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm dan\u00ed ze snusu \u0160v\u00e9dsko tuto alternativu u\u010dinilo dostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a dostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, co\u017e povzbuzuje ku\u0159\u00e1ky k p\u0159echodu na jin\u00fd druh cigarety a v d\u016fsledku toho drasticky sni\u017euje po\u010det onemocn\u011bn\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s kou\u0159en\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land: Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed dan\u00ed na podporu budoucnosti bez kou\u0159e<\/b><\/h4>\n

Stejn\u011b jako \u0160v\u00e9dsko podnik\u00e1 i Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land proaktivn\u00ed kroky k povzbuzen\u00ed ku\u0159\u00e1k\u016f k p\u0159echodu na m\u00e9n\u011b \u0161kodliv\u00e9 nikotinov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky. V \u010dervenci 2024, <\/span>vl\u00e1da ozn\u00e1mila <\/b>Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed dan\u00ed 50%<\/b><\/a> na zah\u0159\u00edvan\u00fdch tab\u00e1kov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u00edch<\/b>, co\u017e je krok ur\u010den\u00fd k podpo\u0159e pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch alternativ kou\u0159en\u00ed. Tato politika je v souladu s \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1vazkem Nov\u00e9ho Z\u00e9landu st\u00e1t se <\/span>zem\u011b bez kou\u0159e do roku 2025<\/b>, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e m\u00edra kou\u0159en\u00ed ji\u017e prudce kles\u00e1 <\/span>rekordn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00fdch hodnot<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rozhodnut\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eit dan\u011b na bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nikotinov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed uzn\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee <\/span>cena hraje kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli<\/b> v chov\u00e1n\u00ed spot\u0159ebitel\u016f. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm dostupnosti vapov\u00e1n\u00ed a zah\u0159\u00edvan\u00e9ho tab\u00e1ku Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land pom\u00e1h\u00e1 v\u00edce ku\u0159\u00e1k\u016fm p\u0159estat kou\u0159it ho\u0159lav\u00fd tab\u00e1k, kter\u00fd je i nad\u00e1le nej\u0161kodliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem konzumace nikotinu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Role progresivn\u00edho zdan\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kod<\/b><\/h4>\n

Zdan\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159i vhodn\u00e9m pou\u017eit\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro podporu ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed. Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed dan\u011b z bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch nikotinov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f \u010din\u00ed tyto alternativy pro ku\u0159\u00e1ky dostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi a atraktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi, co\u017e je povzbuzuje k tomu, aby p\u0159estali kou\u0159it cigarety.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b, <\/span>Vysok\u00e9 dan\u011b z bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch nikotinov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f mohou odradit ku\u0159\u00e1ky od p\u0159echodu na m\u00e9n\u011b \u0161kodliv\u00e9 alternativy.<\/b>. Kdy\u017e se cena vapingu nebo jin\u00fdch produkt\u016f se sn\u00ed\u017een\u00fdm rizikem bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed nebo p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed cenu cigaret, ku\u0159\u00e1ci nemus\u00ed m\u00edt velkou finan\u010dn\u00ed motivaci k p\u0159echodu na jinou cigaretu. Vysok\u00e9 zdan\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee nav\u00edc vapery dohnat zp\u011bt ke kou\u0159en\u00ed a zvr\u00e1tit tak pokrok dosa\u017een\u00fd ve sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edry kou\u0159en\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Citlivost na cenu <\/b>je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b vysok\u00e1 u skupin s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edjmy, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed velkou \u010d\u00e1st ku\u0159\u00e1k\u016f. Pokud se cena bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch nikotinov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f v d\u016fsledku nadm\u011brn\u00e9ho zdan\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed, je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee tito jedinci budou v kou\u0159en\u00ed pokra\u010dovat, ne\u017e aby p\u0159e\u0161li na vapov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo jin\u00e9 alternativy. To m\u016f\u017ee v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku v\u00e9st k vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e onemocn\u011bn\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s kou\u0159en\u00edm, co\u017e d\u00e1le zat\u011b\u017euje syst\u00e9my ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00e1le,<\/span> Nadm\u011brn\u00e9 zdan\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee podpo\u0159it r\u016fst \u010dern\u00fdch trh\u016f, kde neregulovan\u00e9 produkty p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed pro spot\u0159ebitele v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed riziko<\/b>. Toto bylo pozorov\u00e1no v n\u011bkolika regionech, kde p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 regulace nebo vysok\u00e9 dan\u011b z vapingov\u00fdch produkt\u016f vedly u\u017eivatele k hled\u00e1n\u00ed levn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch, \u010dasto nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch alternativ z neleg\u00e1ln\u00edch zdroj\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br: Zdan\u011bn\u00ed jako n\u00e1stroj pozitivn\u00ed zm\u011bny<\/b><\/h4>\n

P\u0159\u00edklady \u0160v\u00e9dska a Nov\u00e9ho Z\u00e9landu to dokazuj\u00ed <\/span>progresivn\u00ed da\u0148ov\u00e1 politika<\/b> c<\/span>hraj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v \u00fasil\u00ed o sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kod<\/b>. Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm dan\u00ed na bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alternativy nikotinu tyto zem\u011b usnadnily ku\u0159\u00e1k\u016fm p\u0159echod na m\u00e9n\u011b \u0161kodliv\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, co\u017e vedlo k men\u0161\u00edmu po\u010dtu nemoc\u00ed a \u00famrt\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s kou\u0159en\u00edm. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup je v souladu se z\u00e1kladn\u00edm c\u00edlem ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed: sni\u017eovat \u0161kody.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 tento p\u0159\u00edstup dosud nep\u0159ijaly, by m\u011bly zv\u00e1\u017eit d\u016fkazy ze \u0160v\u00e9dska a Nov\u00e9ho Z\u00e9landu. Vysok\u00e9 dan\u011b z bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch nikotinov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f mohou podkopat \u00fasil\u00ed o sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kod, udr\u017eet ku\u0159\u00e1ky u cigaret a zv\u00fd\u0161it z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e syst\u00e9m\u016f zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de. <\/span>\u00dapravou da\u0148ov\u00fdch politik tak, aby odr\u00e1\u017eely sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 rizika spojen\u00e1 s produkty, jako je snus a vaping, mohou vl\u00e1dy povzbudit v\u00edce ku\u0159\u00e1k\u016f k p\u0159echodu na tyto produkty, co\u017e v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku zachr\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivoty a zlep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledky v oblasti ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed.<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Countries around the world are implementing various strategies to combat smoking and reduce smoking-related illnesses. While some nations have embraced progressive taxation policies to encourage the switch to safer nicotine products, others have implemented high taxes on them, potentially undermining harm reduction efforts. This blogpost explores how countries like Sweden and New Zealand are leading […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":3427,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5815","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"\nHow risk-based taxation improves public health: Learning from Sweden and New Zealand - World Vapers' Alliance<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/worldvapersalliance.com\/cs\/how-risk-based-taxation-improves-public-health-learning-from-sweden-and-new-zealand\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How risk-based taxation improves public health: Learning from Sweden and New Zealand - World Vapers' Alliance\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Countries around the world are implementing various strategies to combat smoking and reduce smoking-related illnesses. 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