{"id":4797,"date":"2023-09-19T05:03:04","date_gmt":"2023-09-19T09:03:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/worldvapersalliance.com\/?p=4797"},"modified":"2023-09-19T07:35:31","modified_gmt":"2023-09-19T11:35:31","slug":"what-are-the-long-term-risks-of-vaping","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worldvapersalliance.com\/cs\/what-are-the-long-term-risks-of-vaping\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak\u00e1 jsou dlouhodob\u00e1 rizika vapov\u00e1n\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ano, ano, \u201cnev\u00edme\u201d, ale je nutn\u00e9 toto negativn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed zasadit do kontextu. Zejm\u00e9na mus\u00edme zpochybnit r\u00e9torick\u00e9 argumenty, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tento nedostatek znalost\u00ed jako argument proti THR.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nev\u00edme to absolutn\u011b, mo\u017en\u00e1 to nikdy nebudeme v\u011bd\u011bt s plnou p\u0159esnost\u00ed, proto\u017ee slo\u017eitost lidsk\u00e9 biologie z toho \u010din\u00ed skli\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed probl\u00e9m vzhledem k rozmanitosti individu\u00e1ln\u00edch reakc\u00ed a potenci\u00e1ln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00fdch biologick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f. M\u016f\u017eeme v\u0161ak u\u010dinit velmi robustn\u00ed odhady a z\u00e1v\u011bry z existuj\u00edc\u00edch kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdch a st\u0159edn\u011bdob\u00fdch znalost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou zna\u010dn\u00e9: stovky dob\u0159e navr\u017een\u00fdch experiment\u016f s testov\u00e1n\u00edm emis\u00ed, biomarker\u016f, preklinick\u00fdch a dokonce i klinick\u00fdch studi\u00ed jasn\u011b ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee rizika (ch\u00e1pan\u00e1 jako potenci\u00e1l po\u0161kozen\u00ed) vapov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s kou\u0159en\u00edm dramaticky sn\u00ed\u017eena. Tento dlouhodob\u00fd z\u00e1v\u011br je jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f THR (a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch ot\u00e1zek, kter\u00fdmi se v\u011bda zab\u00fdv\u00e1). Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 mu porozum\u011bt a obhajovat ho.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed nic neobvykl\u00e9ho na tom, \u017ee se vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9 (na desetilet\u00ed trvaj\u00edc\u00ed) modelov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159edpov\u011bdi zalo\u017een\u00e9 na tom, co v\u00edme nyn\u00ed a z minul\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje, je to b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 praxe v mnoha v\u011bdeck\u00fdch oborech.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud m\u00e1 b\u00fdt vapov\u00e1n\u00ed odm\u00edtnuto nebo p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b omezeno a nadm\u011brn\u011b regulov\u00e1no, proto\u017ee \u201cnezn\u00e1me dlouhodob\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky\u201d, pak bychom m\u011bli tak\u00e9 odm\u00edtnout nebo drasticky omezit prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed zelen\u00fdch politik v boji proti zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 glob\u00e1ln\u00edm oteplov\u00e1n\u00edm, proto\u017ee si nem\u016f\u017eeme b\u00fdt jisti, \u017ee tyto politiky budou \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9, nem\u016f\u017eeme se vr\u00e1tit 30\u201350 let do budoucnosti s d\u016fkladn\u00fdmi m\u011b\u0159en\u00edmi, kter\u00e1 ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee glob\u00e1ln\u00ed teploty vzrostou o 1,5 nebo 3 stupn\u011b, nebo \u017ee v\u016fbec nevzrostou.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pohled na dlouhodob\u00fd tepeln\u00fd v\u00fdvoj zemsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9ry je skli\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed probl\u00e9m, stejn\u011b jako pohled na v\u00fdvoj dlouhodob\u00fdch biologick\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f vapov\u00e1n\u00ed. Nedostatek nedot\u010den\u00fdch absolutn\u00edch znalost\u00ed o dlouhodob\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dinc\u00edch v\u0161ak neodvrac\u00ed vl\u00e1dy a instituce od \u00fasil\u00ed o podporu zelen\u00e9 energie a zm\u011bn politik. Hlavn\u00edm argumentem je, \u017ee a\u0165 u\u017e glob\u00e1ln\u00ed teploty vzrostou o 1,5 nebo 3 stupn\u011b, byli bychom na tom mnohem h\u016f\u0159, kdybychom \u201cned\u011blali nic\u201d, proto\u017ee \u201cnev\u00edme\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159esto, stejn\u011b jako pop\u00edra\u010di klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn, mnoho kritik\u016f vapingu navrhuje \u201cned\u011blat nic (nebo se proti tomu postavit \u010di p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 omezit), proto\u017ee nezn\u00e1me dlouhodob\u00e1 rizika\u201d. Tento b\u011b\u017en\u00fd postoj je potenci\u00e1ln\u011b katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed (kolik ku\u0159\u00e1k\u016f onemocn\u00ed a bude \u017e\u00edt krat\u0161\u00ed \u017eivot b\u011bhem desetilet\u00ed, \u201cne\u017e se to dozv\u00edme\u201d?).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V obou p\u0159\u00edpadech odvozov\u00e1n\u00ed dlouhodob\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f (THR a zm\u011bna klimatu) ve\u0161ker\u00e9 modelov\u00e1n\u00ed a progn\u00f3zy siln\u011b z\u00e1vis\u00ed na p\u0159edpokladech o tom, co se stane v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu. Sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na politik\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt zavedeny v kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9m nebo st\u0159edn\u011bdob\u00e9m horizontu; existuje spektrum od \u201coptimistick\u00fdch\u201d po \u201cpesimistick\u00e9\u201d p\u0159edpoklady. Neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd absolutn\u00ed pl\u00e1n a z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 mnoho nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch a nejistot, ale to v\u0161e neparalyzuje \u00fasil\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Stejn\u011b tak jak\u00e9koli modelov\u00e1n\u00ed dlouhodob\u00fdch biologick\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f produkt\u016f THR bude z\u00e1viset na tom, co se stane v pr\u016fb\u011bhu. Z\u00e1kazy nebo nadm\u011brn\u00e1 regulace odrad\u00ed mnoho ku\u0159\u00e1k\u016f od p\u0159echodu na jin\u00fd typ elektroniky a potla\u010d\u00ed nezbytn\u00fd technologick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj k v\u00fdrob\u011b vaporiz\u00e9r\u016f s je\u0161t\u011b men\u0161\u00edm obsahem toxick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek. Institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159ijet\u00ed THR (i kdy\u017e velmi kritick\u00e9) by pro tato zlep\u0161en\u00ed vytvo\u0159ilo lep\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednky.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Krom\u011b klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn se farmaceutick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e9ky a vakc\u00edny spol\u00e9h\u00e1 tak\u00e9 na dlouhodob\u00e9 progn\u00f3zy zalo\u017een\u00e9 na p\u0159edchoz\u00edch l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch a biologick\u00fdch znalostech a kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m testovac\u00edm obdob\u00ed. Prakticky v\u0161echny l\u00e9ky jsou uvol\u0148ov\u00e1ny a\u017e po 10 letech randomizovan\u00fdch kontrolovan\u00fdch studi\u00ed. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 bedliv\u011b sledovat situaci a existuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady l\u00e9k\u016f sta\u017een\u00fdch z trhu, jakmile se objev\u00ed d\u016fkazy o nep\u0159edv\u00eddan\u00e9m nebo neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9m po\u0161kozen\u00ed. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd zast\u00e1nce THR se nebr\u00e1n\u00ed tomu, aby se stejn\u011b bedliv\u011b sledovali i vaperov\u00e9. V\u017edy je v\u0161ak nutn\u00e9 m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 odli\u0161it zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 po\u0161kozen\u00ed u vaper\u016f od p\u0159edchoz\u00edch, p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch po\u0161kozen\u00ed po dlouh\u00e9 ku\u0159\u00e1ck\u00e9 historii (proto\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina vaper\u016f jsou b\u00fdval\u00ed nebo sou\u010dasn\u00ed ku\u0159\u00e1ci).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm chybn\u00fdm argumentem ohledn\u011b nedostatku znalost\u00ed o dlouhodob\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dinc\u00edch je, \u017ee \u201ctrvalo n\u00e1m des\u00edtky let, ne\u017e jsme zjistili \u0161kodlivost kou\u0159en\u00ed, a bude trvat des\u00edtky let, ne\u017e budeme v\u011bd\u011bt, jak\u00e1 je \u0161kodlivost vapingu\u201d. Tento argument odhaluje v\u011bdeckou negramotnost. Ano, lidem trvalo mnoho stalet\u00ed, ne\u017e byli schopni bezpe\u010dn\u011b l\u00e9tat (kone\u010dn\u011b na za\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed), ale lidem trvalo jen n\u011bkolik desetilet\u00ed, ne\u017e vyvinuli prost\u0159edky k dosa\u017een\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce (1969). Pokud by kou\u0159en\u00ed cigaret bylo vynalezeno dnes, skute\u010dn\u00e9 znalosti analytick\u00e9 chemie, fyziky a chemie aerosol\u016f, lidsk\u00e9 biologie a l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u011bdy by jeho \u0161kodliv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky naprosto odhalily b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f nebo dokonce t\u00fddn\u016f. Neznali bychom \u0161kodlivost absolutn\u011b p\u0159esn\u011b a bezchybn\u011b, ale v\u011bd\u011bli bychom, \u017ee je \u0161kodliv\u00e9.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

A kone\u010dn\u011b, a\u017e p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b n\u011bjak\u00fd odp\u016frce THR prohl\u00e1s\u00ed: \u201cJsme proti tomu, proto\u017ee nezn\u00e1me dlouhodob\u00e9 dopady\u201d, \u0159ekn\u011bte mu, \u017ee stejn\u00fd argument by odm\u00edtl uzn\u00e1n\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed a prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bn v energetick\u00e9 politice v reakci na n\u011bj. Ze stejn\u00e9 logiky by tento \u010dlov\u011bk nem\u011bl u\u017e\u00edvat \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 l\u00e9ky ani vakc\u00edny, dokud neprob\u011bhne desetilet\u00ed trvaj\u00edc\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Dr. Roberto A. Sussman<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u00dastav jadern\u00fdch v\u011bd<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e1rodn\u00ed autonomn\u00ed univerzita v Mexiku<\/span><\/p>\n

UNAM<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yes, yes, “we don\u2019t know\u201d, but it is necessary to put a context on this negative assessment. In particular, we need to challenge rhetorical arguments using this lack of knowledge as an argument to oppose THR. We don\u2019t know in absolute terms, we might never know it with full precision, as the complexity of human […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":4461,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4797","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"\nWhat are the long term risks of vaping? - World Vapers' Alliance<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"We need to challenge rhetorical arguments using the lack of knowledge as an argument to oppose tobacco harm reduction.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/worldvapersalliance.com\/cs\/what-are-the-long-term-risks-of-vaping\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What are the long term risks of vaping? 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